Gastro intestinal44 Videos
Acute pancreatitis
Predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis Scoring systems During the initial 24 hours, severe acute pancreatitis (AP) can be predicted using clinical, laboratory, and radiologic risk factors, many of which have been incorporated into scoring systems such as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination (APACHE) II score, […]
Acute Pancreatitis
Management of acute pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis can be divided into two broad categories: edematous, interstitial acute pancreatitis and necrotizing acute pancreatitis. Mild acute pancreatitis is characterized by the absence of organ failure and local or systemic complications. Moderately severe acute pancreatitis is characterized by no […]
Acute Pancreatitis – Causes, Signs Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis
Clinical features The majority of patients with acute pancreatitis have acute onset of severe upper abdominal pain. Patients may have associated nausea and vomiting. On physical examination, patients have abdominal tenderness to palpation. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis may have fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia, and hypotension. Laboratory findings Early in the course of acute pancreatitis, […]
Assessment of the Spleen
Assessment of the Spleen The normal adult spleen lies immediately under the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It ranges in length from 6 to 13 cm and in weight from 75 to 120 g. The spleen is not normally palpable except in slender young adults. When the spleen can be felt […]
Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Epidemiology Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is rare, with a reported prevalence of 19 to 402 cases per million persons. The vast majority of patients (90 to 95 percent) are female, and most patients are diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 65 years (often in their 40s or 50s), though the disease has been reported […]
Biliary colic (gallbladder attack) – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
Approach to the management of gallstones Most individuals with gallstones are asymptomatic throughout their life and gallstones are found incidentally. The approach to the management of patients with gallstones depends upon the patient’s symptoms, imaging test findings, and whether complications are present. Gallstone complications include acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis, gallstone ileus, and Mirizzi syndrome. […]
Cholangitis
Clinical manifestation and diagnosis ●Clinical presentation The classic presentation of acute cholangitis is fever, abdominal pain, and jaundice (Charcot’s triad), although only 50 to 75 percent of patients with acute cholangitis have all three findings. The most common symptoms of acute cholangitis are fever and abdominal pain. Confusion and hypotension can occur in patients […]