Anatomy66 Videos
Myocarditis & Pericarditis (Myopericarditis Explained)
Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of myocarditis in adults ●When to suspect myocarditis Myocarditis should be suspected in patients with or without cardiac signs and symptoms. who present with a rise in cardiac biomarker levels, change in electrocardiogram (ECG) suggestive of acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, or abnormalities of ventricular systolic function, particularly if these clinical findings […]
Neurologic Examination: Reflexes
REFLEX EXAMINATION Relaxation is critical during the reflex examination. Tendon reflexes are difficult to elicit when patients tense the muscles being tested. It is helpful to distract patients by engaging them in conversation while testing their reflexes. Tendon reflexes — The biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, knee (patellar), and ankle (Achilles) reflexes are the ones commonly tested. The joint […]
Non-surgical Approach to Kidney Stones
Surgical management of kidney and ureteral stones The overall goals of surgical stone management are relief of patient discomfort, clearance of infection, and reversal of kidney function impairment associated with kidney or ureteral stones. Important outcomes that should be discussed with patients when deciding upon surgery include treatment success (ie, stone-free rate [SFR]), risk of […]
Normal Abdominal _ Pelvic CT Anatomy_ Algorithm – Radiology
Structure and Function The abdomen consists of the organs necessary for digestion. These include the stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder and small and large intestines. The abdomen also contains the kidneys and spleen. Connecting tissues called the mesentery, hold these organs together. The mesentery also allows these organs to move relative to one another and expand. […]
Pancreatitis – Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Nursing Lecture Symptoms, Treatment, Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis ●Although a number of conditions can precipitate acute pancreatitis, only a small fraction of patients with these predisposing conditions develops acute pancreatitis. For example, the incidence of acute pancreatitis is only 3 to 7 percent in patients with gallstones and 10 percent in alcoholics. ●It is unclear why alcohol-induced pancreatitis occurs […]
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis v Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)
Clinical manifestations and diagnosis PSC ●Clinical features Patients with PSC may be asymptomatic and diagnosed as part of the evaluation of abnormal laboratory tests, or they may have symptoms such as fatigue and pruritus. Physical examination may reveal jaundice, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and excoriations, though it is often normal. Liver biochemical tests usually demonstrate a cholestatic […]
Proteinuria Uncovered- What Your Body’s Trying to Tell You
Classification and characterization of proteinuria types Classification of proteinuria Clinical setting Typical level of proteinuria in adults Predominant protein type Transient proteinuria Fever, heavy exercise, vasopressor infusion, albumin infusion <1 g/day Albumin Persistent proteinuria – orthostatic proteinuria Uncommon over age 30 years, may occur in 2 to 5% of adolescents <1 to 2 g/day […]