Gastro intestinal99 Videos

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Peptic ulcer disease – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Prevention of recurrence •The need for aspirin and NSAIDs should be carefully assessed in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease. NSAIDs, including aspirin, increase the risk of bleeding in patients with prior peptic ulcer disease. In patients treated for H. pylori, eradication of infection should be confirmed four or more weeks after the completion of therapy. •Maintenance […]

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2024-06-20

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How a peptic ulcer develops

Treatment ●Treatment of the underlying etiology •Patients with peptic ulcer disease should be tested for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Patients with H. pylori should be treated with a goal of eradication of H. pylori infection. In patients treated for H. pylori, eradication of infection should be confirmed four or more weeks after the completion of eradication therapy. •Patients with peptic ulcers should be […]

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2024-06-16

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Gastritis and Clinical manifestations and diagnosis (PUD)

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis Clinical manifestations Peptic ulcers are commonly asymptomatic. Symptomatic peptic ulcers most commonly present with epigastric pain or food-provoked epigastric discomfort and fullness, early satiety, and nausea. (See ‘Clinical manifestations’ above.) Complications Complications may be heralded by new ulcer symptoms or a change in symptoms, or may occur in the absence of typical symptoms. […]

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2024-06-16

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Gallstones and Surgical Removal of Gallbladder (Cholecystectomy) Animation

Most individuals with gallstones are asymptomatic throughout their life and gallstones are found incidentally. The approach to the management of patients with gallstones depends upon the patient’s symptoms, imaging test findings, and whether complications are present. Gallstone complications include acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis, gallstone ileus, and Mirizzi syndrome. In general, patients with sludge or […]

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2024-06-16

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Gallstones – Gallbladder Attack Symptoms Treatment

Clinical presentation •Asymptomatic The majority of patients with gallstones are asymptomatic and will remain so throughout their lives. Of those with incidental (asymptomatic) gallstones, approximately 15 to 25 percent will become symptomatic after 10 to 15 years of follow-up.  •Biliary colic Patients with symptomatic uncomplicated gallstone disease typically present with biliary colic, a normal physical […]

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2024-06-15

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Gallstone Disease – Acute Cholecystitis vs Cholelithiasis vs Choledocholithiasis vs Cholangitis

risk of choledocholithiasis Patients suspected of having choledocholithiasis are diagnosed with a combination of laboratory tests and imaging studies. The first imaging study obtained is typically a transabdominal ultrasound. The results of laboratory testing and transabdominal ultrasound are then used to stratify a patient as high risk, intermediate risk, or low risk for having choledocholithiasis. […]

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2024-06-15

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Gallbladder – Definition, Function Location – Human Anatomy

nonsurgical management of gallbladder stones ●The majority of patients with asymptomatic (incidental) gallstones do not require treatment. Patients with symptomatic gallstone disease or those at high risk for developing symptomatic gallstone disease, but are unable or unwilling to undergo cholecystectomy, may be candidates for nonsurgical management. ●Gallstones are composed of a mixture of cholesterol, calcium […]

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2024-06-15

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Cholecystectomy – Gallbladder Removal Surgery

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy   ●Indications Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the “gold standard” for the surgical treatment of gallstone disease. It has the same indications as for open cholecystectomy. The optimal timing of surgery will depend on the patient’s overall medical condition and underlying diagnosis. ●Preoperative evaluation •Liver function tests (LFTs) should be obtained preoperatively. Elevation in […]

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2024-06-12

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Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Epidemiology Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is rare, with a reported prevalence of 19 to 402 cases per million persons. The vast majority of patients (90 to 95 percent) are female, and most patients are diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 65 years (often in their 40s or 50s), though the disease has been reported […]

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2024-06-12

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Chronic pancreatitis – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Management   ●Chronic pancreatitis is an ongoing process of pathologic response to pancreatic injury. Abdominal pain is the most common clinical symptom. As chronic pancreatitis progresses, patients may develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (steatorrhea, maldigestion) and diabetes. Complications of chronic pancreatitis include pancreatic pseudocyst, bile duct or duodenal obstruction, visceral artery pseudoaneurysm, pancreatic ascites and pancreatic […]

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2024-06-10

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