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Strep throat (streptococcal pharyngitis)- pathophysciology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
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Strep throat (streptococcal pharyngitis)- pathophysciology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Clinical features and diagnosis ●Epidemiology – Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis in children and adolescents. It accounts for 15 to 30 percent of all cases of pharyngitis in children between the ages of 5 and 15 years. In temperate climates, the incidence of GAS pharyngitis peaks during the winter and […]
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What is Streptococcal Pharyngitis. – Strep Throat Made Astoundingly Simple
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What is Streptococcal Pharyngitis. – Strep Throat Made Astoundingly Simple

INTRODUCTION Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common conditions encountered in outpatient clinical practice. Most cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by respiratory viruses and are self-limited. However, symptoms of viral pharyngitis broadly overlap with pharyngitis caused by important treatable causes, such as group A Streptococcus (GAS). Using a systematic approach to diagnosis can help reduce […]
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STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.
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STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Treatment and prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis in adults and children ●Importance of treatment – Group A Streptococcus (GAS), or Streptococcus pyogenes, is the leading bacterial cause of tonsillopharyngitis in adults and children worldwide. GAS is one of the few causes of tonsillopharyngitis or pharyngitis for which antibiotic treatment is recommended. The goals of antibiotic therapy for GAS pharyngitis include […]
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Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
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Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Clinical manifestations and treatment Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widely disseminated herpesvirus that is spread by close contact between susceptible persons and asymptomatic EBV shedders. EBV is the primary agent of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and is associated with the development of B cell lymphoma, T cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.  ●Subclinical infection − […]
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Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) – Epstein-Barr Virus, Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
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Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) – Epstein-Barr Virus, Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Epidemiology − Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an acute illness due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults. ●Clinical manifestations − IM is classically characterized by fever, pharyngitis, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy. Other findings can include splenomegaly and palatal petechiae. Cervical lymphadenopathy tends to involve the posterior chain of lymph nodes.  […]
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Epstein Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis (pathophysiology, investigations and treatment)
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Epstein Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis (pathophysiology, investigations and treatment)

Contact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with oropharyngeal epithelial cells allows replication of the virus, release of EBV into the oropharyngeal secretions, and infection of B cells in the lymphoid-rich areas of the oropharynx. EBV-infected B cells are responsible for the dissemination of infection throughout the lymphoreticular system. The incubation period prior to the development of […]
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A Clinical Approach to a Sore Throat
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A Clinical Approach to a Sore Throat

Evaluation of sore throat in children Definition – Sore throat refers to any painful sensation localized to the pharynx or surrounding anatomy. The developmental ability of young children to identify and define their symptoms varies and the physician must pay careful attention to the patient and the caretaker in order to clarify the exact nature […]
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Oral Cavity Examination | OSCE Guide

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