Anatomy66 Videos

How to identify normal lung anatomy on chest CT

What is CT Scanning of the Chest? Computed tomography, more commonly known as a CT or CAT scan, is a diagnostic medical imaging test. Like traditional x-rays, it produces multiple images or pictures of the inside of the body. A CT scan generates images that can be reformatted in multiple planes. It can even generate […]

Measles (Genus Morbillivirus)

Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention   ●Syndrome and incubation period Measles is a highly contagious viral illness that occurs worldwide. The infection is characterized by fever, malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by exanthem. Following exposure, approximately 90 percent of susceptible individuals develop measles. The period of contagiousness is estimated to be from five […]

Gut Microbiome Explained in Simple Words

intestinal microbiota in health and disease ●The surface of the intestinal tract in healthy individuals is free of bacteria in all bowel segments. Adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells is thus a sign of infection. By contrast, the intestinal lumen is never sterile. ●The occurrence, composition, and organization of intestinal microbiota in each gut segment […]

Non-surgical Approach to Kidney Stones

Surgical management of kidney and ureteral stones The overall goals of surgical stone management are relief of patient discomfort, clearance of infection, and reversal of kidney function impairment associated with kidney or ureteral stones. Important outcomes that should be discussed with patients when deciding upon surgery include treatment success (ie, stone-free rate [SFR]), risk of […]

How to do a lumbar puncture

INTRODUCTION Lumbar puncture (LP) with examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important diagnostic tool for a variety of infectious and noninfectious neurologic conditions. The techniques, indications, contraindications, and complications of LP in adults will be reviewed here. Technique of LP in children and for spinal and other types of neuraxial anesthesia is discussed separately. […]

Measles Explained — Vaccinate or Not.

Measles, mumps, and rubella immunization in infants, children, and adolescents ●Measles, mumps, and rubella disease – Measles, mumps, and rubella infections may have serious complications (eg, encephalitis, orchitis and oophoritis, congenital rubella syndrome).  ●Vaccine effectiveness – Introduction of routine measles, mumps, and rubella immunization in the United States reduced the numbers of cases of measles, mumps, […]