Anatomy67 Videos
Non-surgical Approach to Kidney Stones
Surgical management of kidney and ureteral stones The overall goals of surgical stone management are relief of patient discomfort, clearance of infection, and reversal of kidney function impairment associated with kidney or ureteral stones. Important outcomes that should be discussed with patients when deciding upon surgery include treatment success (ie, stone-free rate [SFR]), risk of […]
How to do a lumbar puncture
INTRODUCTION Lumbar puncture (LP) with examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important diagnostic tool for a variety of infectious and noninfectious neurologic conditions. The techniques, indications, contraindications, and complications of LP in adults will be reviewed here. Technique of LP in children and for spinal and other types of neuraxial anesthesia is discussed separately. […]
Measles Explained — Vaccinate or Not.
Measles, mumps, and rubella immunization in infants, children, and adolescents ●Measles, mumps, and rubella disease – Measles, mumps, and rubella infections may have serious complications (eg, encephalitis, orchitis and oophoritis, congenital rubella syndrome). ●Vaccine effectiveness – Introduction of routine measles, mumps, and rubella immunization in the United States reduced the numbers of cases of measles, mumps, […]
How to Treat Kidney Stones
Eighty percent of patients with kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) form calcium stones. The other main types include uric acid, struvite and cystine stones. Individual stones may contain more than one type. ●Clinical manifestations Although stones may pass asymptomatically, symptoms may occur when stones pass. The most common symptoms and signs are pain (renal colic or […]
Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Epidemiology Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is rare, with a reported prevalence of 19 to 402 cases per million persons. The vast majority of patients (90 to 95 percent) are female, and most patients are diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 65 years (often in their 40s or 50s), though the disease has been reported […]